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Ampicillin |
Generic Name: Ampicillin
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Tablets
Penbritin capsules, syrup and injection all contain the active ingredient ampicillin, which is a type of antibiotic called a
penicillin. Ampicillin is indicated to treat infections caindicated by bacteria. The injection is indicated to treat more
serious infections, or in cases where the drug can't be taken by mouth.
Ampicillin works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to form cell walls. The cell walls of bacteria are vital for
their survival. They keep unwanted substances from entering their cells and stop the contents of their cells from leaking out.
Ampicillin impairs the bonds that hold the bacterial cell wall together. This allows holes to appear in the cell walls and so
kills the bacteria.
Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which kills a wide variety of bacteria that cause a wide variety of
commonly-occuring infections. Ampicillin may be indicated to treat infections of:
- Ears;
- Nose;
- The airways;
- Throat Ampicillin may also be indicated to treat:
- Certain infections affecting the blood or internal organs;
- Certain sexually-transmitted infections;
- Urine infections;
To make sure the bacteria causing an infection are susceptible to ampicillin your doctor may need to take a tissue
sample, for example a swab from the throat or skin, or a urine or blood sample.
This belongs to the group of drugs known as antibiotics.
Ampicillin is indicated to treat bacterial infections, such as infections of the chest and ear, by
killing or stopping the growth of bacteria. Ampicillin can also be indicated to prevent infections occurring
in high-risk patients.
Ampicillin is available in capsule, oral liquid and injection form.
Antibiotic
Ampicillin is one of the most widely indicated antibiotics. Ampicillin is considered a penicillin and is a
close relative of another penicillin, amoxicillin. Unlike penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin can penetrate and
prevent the growth of certain types of bacteria, called gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin is indicated mainly to treat
infections of:
- Bladder;
- Kidney;
- Sinuses;
- The middle ear;
- Uncomplicated gonorrhea;
Ampicillin is indicated intravenously to treat meningitis and other serious infections.
Indications
Bacterial infections of:
- Eg otitis media;
- Nose and throat;
- Sinusitis;
- The ear;
Bronchitis.
Pneumonia.
Bacterial infections of the urinary tract.
Gynaecological infections, eg gonorrhoea.
Bacterial infection of the blood (septicaemia or blood poisoning).
Bacterial infections in the abdomen (peritonitis).
Bacterial infections of the stomach and intestines.
Bacterial infection of the heart valves and the lining surrounding the heart (bacterial endocarditis).
Bacterial meningitis.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever.
Oral ampicillin is effective against susceptible bacteria causing infections of:
- Bladder;
- Kidney;
- Sinuses;
- The middle ear;
Only mild to moderate infections are treated with oral ampicillin. Bacteria against which ampicillin often is effective
include:
- Bordetella pertussis;
- Enterococci;
- Gardnerella vaginalis;
- Listeria monocytogenes;
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
- Neisseria meningitidis;
- Proteus mirabilis;
- Salmonella;
- Shigella;
- Some E coli;
- Some Hemophilus influenzae;
Susceptibilities of bacteria to antibiotics vary from location to location. Thus, some doctors may use ampicillin or
amoxicillin first for some infections, whereas other doctors may use more "broad-spectrum" antibiotics.
Side effects
Abdominal pain;
Blood disorders;
Diarrhea or loose stools;
Diarrhoea;
Inflammation of the large intestine (colitis);
Itching (pruritus);
Liver or kidney disorders;
Loss of appetite;
Nausea (feeling sick);
Nausea or vomiting;
Nausea;
Rash;
Tummy pains;
Vomiting (being sick);
Vomiting;
Forms
Tablets: 250 milligrams;
Tablets: 500 milligrams.
Oral suspension: 100 milligrams/1 milliliter;
Oral suspension: 125 milligrams/5 milliliters;
Oral suspension: 250 milligrams/5 milliliters.
Dosages
Food in the stomach reduces how much and how quickly ampicillin is absorbed. Administration should be either 1 hour prior
to or 2 hours following a meal for maximal absorption. However, for persons who experience nausea or stomach distress after
taking ampicillin, Ampicillin may be taken with meals. Ampicillin most often is given four times a day for 7
to 14 days.
When indicated to treat gonorrhea, Ampicillin is given as a single large dose (for example, seven 500
milligrams capsules) with probenecid. The probenecid slows down the elimination of the ampicillin so that the ampicillin
remains in the body longer.
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